Transformer

One of the most important features of electrical energy is portability to far points from where it is produced.
In order to conduct energy transmission with a high efficient and to minimize the losses, the voltage value should be increased and the current should be reduced as much as possible .
This requirement has created the basic need to increase the voltage value of electrical energy in the place where it is produced and to decrease it in the consumption area. The transportation of the generated electrical energy to the point of use is provided by transmission, sub-transmission and distribution voltage levels. Although these voltage levels are determined by international standards, they differ according to the conditions of each country. Therefore, transformer demands from each country may differ. Of course, the weather conditions and height of the region where the transformer is used also affect the demands.
Transformers are electrical machines that change the voltage and current values of electrical energy through electromagnetic induction, without changing the frequency, according to the need. The main components of transformers are core, windings, mechanical parts that hold them together, cooling and insulation materials, protection and accessories. A transformer is a static device consisting of two or more coils connected by a strong magnetic field.
Transformers are classified in different ways according to sealing method, insulation and cooling, number of phases, power, function, etc. The sealing method can be hermetic or normal expansion tank. If the production of hermetic oil transformers is done correctly, they will have a longer life than the expansion tank. This is because transformer oil has no contact with air.
The optimal design & production of transformers is done completely according to the information come from the customer. The designer has to provide the highest performance by using the least raw materials. In doing so, design programs are used. Each factory has its own program. It can be outsourced or developed in-house. While designing, the designer should consider many factors such as the raw material price and delivery date, the capacity of machinery and equipment, the wishes of the buyer, the environmental characteristics of the place where the transformer will operate, the technical dielectric and thermal properties of the raw material, and the shipping conditions.
the classification of transformers by power limits is done according to IEC, ANSI, MC etc. Standards and market norms. Distribution transformers are considered as one of the most important elements of the electricity distribution network. Transformer selection is made by considering different factors.
In terms of insulation and cooling system, transformers are divided into two groups as oil immersed type and dry type. Each has some advantages and disadvantages over the other. For example, dry type transformers are less harmful to the environment, they are better in causing explosion and fire than oil immersed type, but they are more expensive.